{"id":119,"date":"2025-08-01T21:32:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T21:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2025-08-02T21:40:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T21:40:25","slug":"htlv-i-htlv-ii-virus-t-lymphotropes-humains","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/prise-en-charge-des-infections-sexuellement-transmissibles-ist\/infections-sexuellement-transmissibles-ist-dorigine-virale\/htlv-i-htlv-ii-virus-t-lymphotropes-humains\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83e\uddec HTLV-I \/ HTLV-II \u2013 Virus T-lymphotropes humains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>R\u00e9trovirus humains \u00e0 transmission sexuelle, sanguine et maternelle<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc <strong>Qu\u2019est-ce que le HTLV ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>HTLV-I et HTLV-II<\/strong> (Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus types I et II) sont des <strong>r\u00e9trovirus humains<\/strong> qui infectent les <strong>lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>HTLV-I<\/strong> est responsable de maladies graves :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie\/lymphome \u00e0 cellules T de l\u2019adulte (ATLL)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Parapar\u00e9sie spastique tropicale (TSP\/HAM)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HTLV-II<\/strong> est moins pathog\u00e8ne, mais pourrait \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9 dans certaines neuropathies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ces infections sont <strong>chroniques \u00e0 vie<\/strong>, souvent asymptomatiques, mais <strong>potentiellement s\u00e9v\u00e8res<\/strong> dans 2 \u00e0 5\u202f% des cas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf0d <strong>\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zones end\u00e9miques : Japon, Afrique subsaharienne, Am\u00e9rique centrale et du Sud, Cara\u00efbes, Melan\u00e9sie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transmission faible mais document\u00e9e au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd2c <strong>Modes de transmission<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Voie sexuelle<\/strong> (surtout homme \u2192 femme)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sang contamin\u00e9<\/strong> : transfusion, aiguilles partag\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transmission maternelle<\/strong> par l\u2019allaitement prolong\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transplantation<\/strong> d\u2019organes ou de moelle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>Manifestations cliniques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc8 HTLV-I :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie \/ lymphome \u00e0 cellules T de l\u2019adulte (ATLL)<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lymphad\u00e9nopathies g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hypercalc\u00e9mie, l\u00e9sions osseuses, \u00e9rythrodermie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Formes aig\u00fces, chroniques ou lymphomateuses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Parapar\u00e9sie spastique tropicale (TSP\/HAM)<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Syndrome pyramidal lentement progressif<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faiblesse des membres inf\u00e9rieurs, hyperr\u00e9flexie, troubles sphinct\u00e9riens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manifestations associ\u00e9es :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uv\u00e9ites, arthrites, dermatites infectieuses, dermatoses virales r\u00e9cidivantes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\uddec HTLV-II :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Neuropathies p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moins pathog\u00e8ne, r\u00f4le exact encore d\u00e9battu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\uddea <strong>Diagnostic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00e9rologie ELISA ou CLIA<\/strong> pour d\u00e9pistage des anticorps anti-HTLV I\/II<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confirmation par <strong>Western blot<\/strong> ou <strong>PCR HTLV<\/strong> (sp\u00e9cification du type)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bilan h\u00e9matologique et neurologique en cas de signes cliniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udc8a <strong>Traitement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Il n\u2019existe pas \u00e0 ce jour de traitement curatif antiviral sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ATLL<\/strong> : chimioth\u00e9rapie, antiviraux (zidovudine + interf\u00e9ron), greffe de moelle selon indication<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TSP\/HAM<\/strong> : corticoth\u00e9rapie, immunomodulateurs, r\u00e9\u00e9ducation fonctionnelle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suivi neurologique et h\u00e9matologique au long cours<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f <strong>Pr\u00e9vention<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage sanguin syst\u00e9matique<\/strong> dans les banques de sang (pays end\u00e9miques)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9viter l\u2019allaitement prolong\u00e9 si la m\u00e8re est HTLV+<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usage de pr\u00e9servatifs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pas de vaccin disponible \u00e0 ce jour<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\uddd1\ud83c\udffd\u200d\u2695\ufe0f <strong>Prise en charge au cabinet du Dr Hadi HAKIM<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orientation diagnostique des syndromes neuro-inflammatoires ou lymphoprolif\u00e9ratifs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conseil pr\u00e9-conceptionnel et p\u00e9rinatal en cas de portage HTLV<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9valuation dermatologique en cas d\u2019atteintes cutan\u00e9es atypiques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orientation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e en h\u00e9matologie ou neurologie selon besoin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcde <strong>D\u00e9pistage confidentiel \u2013 Suivi HTLV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcde <strong>+221 33 821 31 22<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udcac <strong>WhatsApp m\u00e9dical s\u00e9curis\u00e9<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udccd <em>Cabinet de Dermatologie, Virologie &amp; M\u00e9decine interne \u2013 Dakar<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9trovirus humains \u00e0 transmission sexuelle, sanguine et maternelle \ud83d\udccc Qu\u2019est-ce que le HTLV ? Les HTLV-I et HTLV-II (Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus types I et II) sont des r\u00e9trovirus humains qui infectent les lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+. Ces infections sont chroniques \u00e0 vie, souvent asymptomatiques, mais potentiellement s\u00e9v\u00e8res dans 2 \u00e0 5\u202f% des cas. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":216,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-119","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120,"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions\/120"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dermacab.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}